Cambodia’s rapid economic growth over the past two decades has been accompanied by significant expansion of its workforce, much of which remains concentrated in the informal economy. Workers in sectors such as agriculture, construction, non-standard forms of employment (e.g. gig work) and small-scale enterprises often face hazardous conditions without adequate protection, leaving them vulnerable to occupational accidents, injuries, and diseases. While the Labour Law of 1997 provides a foundation for OSH, its coverage is largely limited to formal enterprises, creating a gap in protection for most Cambodian workers. This gap has become increasingly pressing as the country seeks to modernize its labour governance framework and ensure inclusive growth.

At the international level, Cambodia is a member of the ILO and has ratified several conventions that emphasize the right of all workers to safe and healthy working environments. The development of a comprehensive OSH law is therefore both a national priority and a step toward fulfilling Cambodia’s international commitments. The draft OSH law represents a critical opportunity to harmonize domestic legislation with global labour standards, strengthen enforcement mechanisms, and extend protections to informal economy workers who are often excluded from regulatory frameworks.

The timing of this initiative is particularly strategic. Cambodia is advancing its sustainable development agenda and preparing its next generation of climate commitments, recognizing that worker safety and resilience are integral to economic and social stability. The draft OSH law has been developed through consultations with government ministries, employers’ associations, trade unions, and civil society, reflecting a participatory approach that seeks to balance economic competitiveness with social protection.